TY - JOUR T1 - Southwestern white pine (Pinus strobiformis) species distribution models project a large range shift and contraction due to regional climatic changes JF - Forest Ecology and Managment Y1 - 2018 A1 - Andrew J. Shirk A1 - Samuel A. Cushman A1 - Kristen M. Waring A1 - Christian A. Wehenkel A1 - Alejandro Leal-Sáenz A1 - Chris Toney A1 - Carlos A. Lopez-Sanchez KW - climate change KW - Multi-scale KW - Pinus strobiformis KW - Range shift KW - Southwestern white pine KW - Species distribution model AB -

Southwestern white pine (Pinus strobiformis; SWWP) is a conifer species that occurs at mid to high elevations in
the mountains of Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico. A key component of mixed conifer forests in the
region, SWWP is an important species for wildlife and biodiversity. The dual threats of the non-native fungal
pathogen that causes white pine blister rust (WPBR) and a warmer, drier projected future climate have created
an uncertain future for SWWP. In this study, we used a novel multi-scale optimization approach including an
ensemble of four species distribution modeling methods to explore the relationship between SWWP occurrence
and environmental variables based on climate, soil, and topography. Spatial projections of these models reflecting
the present climate provide an improved range map for this species that can be used to guide field data
collection and monitoring of WPBR outbreaks. Future projections based on two emissions scenarios and an
ensemble of 15 general circulation models project a large range shift and range contraction by 2080. Changes in
the future distribution were particularly extreme under the higher emissions scenario, with a more than 1000 km
northerly shift in the mean latitude and 500m increase in the mean elevation of the species’ suitable habitat.
This coincided with a range contraction of over 60% and a significant increase in habitat fragmentation. The
ability of SWWP to realize its projected future range will depend on colonization at the leading edge of the range
shift, including dispersal dynamics, resistance to WPBR, competition with other species, and genetic adaptations
to local climate. Our results provide information that can be used to guide monitoring efforts and inform conservation
planning for this keystone species.

VL - 411:176-186 UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.01.025 ER - TY - CONF T1 - Southwestern white pine performance across an elevational gradient. T2 - National Silviculture Workshop Y1 - 2017 A1 - DaBell,J A1 - K Waring A1 - TE Kolb A1 - AV Whipple JF - National Silviculture Workshop T3 - National Silviculture Workshop CY - Flagstaff, Arizona, USA ER - TY - CONF T1 - Southwestern white pine performance across an elevational gradient. T2 - North American Forest Ecology Workshop Y1 - 2017 A1 - DaBell,J A1 - K Waring A1 - TE Kolb A1 - AV Whipple AB -

DaBell, J., Waring, K., Kolb, T. and Whipple, A. 2017. Southwesternwhite pine performance across an elevational gradient. North American Forest Ecology Workshop, June 18-22, 2017, Edmonton, Canada. Also presented at the National Silviculture Workshop, July 18-20, 2017, Flagstaff, AZ.

JF - North American Forest Ecology Workshop T3 - North American Forest Ecology Workshop CY - Edmonton Canada VL - 2017 N1 - [Original String]:DaBell, J., Waring, K., Kolb, T. and Whipple, A. 2017. Southwestern white pine performance across an elevational gradient. North American Forest Ecology Workshop, June 18-22, 2017, Edmonton, Canada. Also presented at the National Silviculture Workshop, July 18-20, 2017, Flagstaff, AZ. ER - TY - CONF T1 - Support of distributed ecological experiments via closed-loop environmental control T2 - 2017 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech), Y1 - 2017 A1 - J.D. Knapp A1 - M. Middleton A1 - P.L. Heinrich A1 - A.V. Whipple A1 - P.G. Flikkema KW - closed-loop KW - distributed experiments KW - Ecology KW - environmental control KW - SEGA KW - technology AB -

Improved understanding of the effects of climate and weather patterns on plant survival and growth is critical for improving management of wildland, rangeland, and crop ecosystems. The Southwest Experimental Garden Array (SEGA) is a distributed research instrument comprising of an array of 10 common gardens across an elevational gradient in Northern Arizona. SEGA's cyber infrastructure facilitates monitoring and control of soil moisture at experimental plots using drip irrigation and wireless sensor/actuator nodes. This paper describes development of software-based workflows for the sensing and control of soil moisture conditions across experimental plots and gardens with different temperature and rainfall regimes, and the necessary hardware and software infrastructure to support this capability.

JF - 2017 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech), PB - IEEE SusTech CY - Phoenix, AZ UR - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8333478/ ER - TY - CONF T1 - The Southwest Experimental Garden Array: A Tool for Examining Plant Responses to Climate Change. T2 - Public Garden, the newsletter of The American Public Gardens Association. Y1 - 2016 A1 - Haskins,KE JF - Public Garden, the newsletter of The American Public Gardens Association. T3 - Public Garden, the newsletter of The American Public Gardens Association. CY - Flagstaff, Arizona, USA ER - TY - CONF T1 - “The Southwest Experimental Garden Array and climate change research: Forecasting our floral future. T2 - Invited Guest Lecture: The Arboretum at Flagstaff 35th Anniversary Lecture Series Y1 - 2016 A1 - Haskins,KE JF - Invited Guest Lecture: The Arboretum at Flagstaff 35th Anniversary Lecture Series T3 - Invited Guest Lecture: The Arboretum at Flagstaff 35th Anniversary Lecture Series CY - Flagstaff, AZ, USA N1 - [Original String]:Haskins, K.E. (2016). Invited Guest Lecture: The Arboretum at Flagstaff 35th Anniversary Lecture Series “The Southwest Experimental Garden Array and climate change research: Forecasting our floral future. The Arboretum at Flagstaff, Flagstaff, AZ. April 23, 2016. ER - TY - CONF T1 - Southwestern white pine seedling tolerances to a changing climate: early results from common gardens across an elevational gradient. T2 - Society of American Foresters National Convention Y1 - 2016 A1 - DaBell,J A1 - K Waring A1 - TE Kolb A1 - AV Whipple A1 - Madison,WI JF - Society of American Foresters National Convention T3 - Society of American Foresters National Convention CY - Madison, Wisconsin, USA VL - 2016 N1 - [Original String]:DaBell, J., Waring, K., Kolb, T., and Whipple, A. 2016. Southwestern white pine seedling tolerances to a changing climate: early results from common gardens across an elevational gradient. Society of American Foresters National Convention, November 2-5, 2016, Madison, WI. ER - TY - CONF T1 - Sustaining southwestern white pine by combining experimental work and genomic tools. Y1 - 2016 A1 - Castilla,AR A1 - R Sniezko A1 - K Waring A1 - Cushman,S A1 - Eckert,A.J A1 - Flores,L A1 - Still,C A1 - Wehenkel,C A1 - Whipple,A A1 - Wing,M A1 - TE Kolb A1 - Goodrich,B.A. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Species Introductions and Their Cascading Impacts on Biotic Interactions in desert riparian ecosystems. JF - Integrative and comparative biology Y1 - 2015 A1 - Hultine,Kevin R A1 - Bean,Dan W A1 - Dudley,Tom L A1 - Gehring,Catherine A KW - Animals KW - climate change KW - Desert Climate KW - Ecosystem KW - Introduced Species KW - Rivers AB -

Desert riparian ecosystems of North America are hotspots of biodiversity that support many sensitive species, and are in a region experiencing some of the highest rates of climatic alteration in North America. Fremont cottonwood, Populus fremontii, is a foundation tree species of this critical habitat, but it is threatened by global warming and regional drying, and by a non-native tree/shrub, Tamarix spp., all of which can disrupt the mutualism between P. fremontii and its beneficial mycorrhizal fungal communities. Specialist herbivorous leaf beetles (Diorhabda spp.) introduced for biocontrol of Tamarix are altering the relationship between this shrub and its environment. Repeated episodic feeding on Tamarix foliage by Diorhabda results in varying rates of dieback and mortality, depending on genetic variation in allocation of resources, growing conditions, and phenological synchrony between herbivore and host plant. In this article, we review the complex interaction between climatic change and species introductions and their combined impacts on P. fremontii and their associated communities. We anticipate that (1) certain genotypes of P. fremontii will respond more favorably to the presence of Tamarix and to climatic change due to varying selection pressures to cope with competition and stress; (2) the ongoing evolution of Diorhabda's life cycle timing will continue to facilitate its expansion in North America, and will over time enhance herbivore impact to Tamarix; (3) defoliation by Diorhabda will reduce the negative impact of Tamarix on P. fremontii associations with mycorrhizal fungi; and (4) spatial variability in climate and climatic change will modify the capacity for Tamarix to survive episodic defoliation by Diorhabda, thereby altering the relationship between Tamarix and P. fremontii, and its associated mycorrhizal fungal communities. Given the complex biotic/abiotic interactions outlined in this review, conservation biologists and riparian ecosystem managers should strive to identify and conserve the phenotypic traits that underpin tolerance and resistance to stressors such as climate change and species invasion. Such efforts will greatly enhance conservation restoration efficacy for protecting P. fremontii forests and their associated communities.

VL - 55 SN - 1540-7063 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&DbFrom=pubmed&Cmd=Link&LinkName=pubmed_pubmed&LinkReadableName=Related%20Articles&IdsFromResult=25908667&ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSumhttp://www.ncbi. IS - 4 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Soil-mediated local adaptation alters seedling survival and performance . JF - Plant and Soil Y1 - 2012 A1 - Smith,DS A1 - Schweitzer,JA A1 - Turk,P A1 - JK Bailey A1 - Hart,SC A1 - SM Shuster A1 - TG Whitham VL - 352 N1 - [Original String]:Smith DS, Schweitzer JA, Turk P, Bailey JK, Hart SC, Shuster SM, Whitham TG. 2012. Soil-mediated local adaptation alters seedling survival and performance . Plant and Soil 352: 243-251. ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Separating ontogenetic and environmental determination of resistance to herbivory in cottonwood. JF - Ecology Y1 - 2009 A1 - Holeski,Liza M A1 - Kearsley,Michael J C A1 - Whitham,Thomas G KW - Animals KW - Aphids KW - Biological Evolution KW - Ecosystem KW - Feeding Behavior KW - Populus AB -

We used narrowleaf cottonwood, Populus angustifolia, and the gall-forming aphid, Pemphigus betae, to determine the extent to which ontogenetic variation in resistance to herbivory is due to endogenous, stable genetic influences. In a three-year common garden trial using ramets propagated from the top, middle, and bottom of mature trees, we found that the resistance of trees to aphids was significantly higher in top vs. bottom source ramets, supporting the hypothesis of a stable, genetically programmed component to aphid resistance. The magnitude of ontogenetically based variation in resistance within an individual tree is comparable to the genetic variation in resistance among narrowleaf cottonwood genotypes or populations found in other studies. These ontogenetic-based findings have the potential to alter ecological interactions and evolutionary trajectories of plant-herbivore interactions.

VL - 90 SN - 0012-9658 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&DbFrom=pubmed&Cmd=Link&LinkName=pubmed_pubmed&LinkReadableName=Related%20Articles&IdsFromResult=19967853&ordinalpos=3&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSumhttp://www.ncbi. IS - 11 ER - TY - CONF T1 - System-level characterization of single-chip radios for wireless sensor network applications . T2 - Proceedings of the IEEE 10th Annual Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference Y1 - 2009 A1 - He,Y A1 - PG Flikkema JF - Proceedings of the IEEE 10th Annual Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference T3 - Proceedings of the IEEE 10th Annual Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference PB - IEEE CY - Clearwater, Florida, USA N1 - [Original String]:He Y, Flikkema PG. 2009. System-level characterization of single-chip radios for wireless sensor network applications . Proceedings of the IEEE 10th Annual Wireless and Microwave Technology Conference, 2009; Apr 20-21; Clearwater, FL. ER -